the welding specification including of welding pre qualification, welding test, configuration to be conformed to aws 4 specification. whereas welding are not allowed , contractor has the responsibility to propose alternative bolting connection details together with calculation for approval before execution of work. nut rotation is relative to bolt regardless of the element (nut or bolt) being turned. for bolts installed turn and less, the tolerance should be plus or minus 30 degrees; for bolts installed by turn and more, the tolerance should be plus or minus 45 degrees. applicable only to connections in which all material within the grip of the bolt is steel. for bolt length exceeding 12 diameters. therefore, the required rotation must be determined by actual testing a suitable tention measuring device which simulates conditions of solidly fitted steel. download free DWG file of steel purlin welding.
